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耳鼻咽喉科医学英语术语表（Glossary of Otolaryngology）

A [return to top]

acoustic neuroma 听神经瘤- a tumor, usually benign, which develops on the hearing and balance nerves and can cause gradual hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness.

acquired deafness - loss of hearing that occurs or develops over the course of a lifetime; deafness not present at birth.

aguesia - loss of the sense of taste.

Alport’s syndrome - A hereditary condition characterized by kidney disease, sensorineural hearing loss, and some difficulties with eye defects.

American Sign Language (ASL) - Manual (hand) language with its own syntax and grammar used primarily by people who are hard of hearing.

anosmia - absence of the sense of smell.

aphasia - total or partial loss of ability to use or understand language; usually caused by stroke, brain disease, or injury.

aphonia - complete loss of voice.

apraxia - inability to make a voluntary movement in spite of being able to demonstrate normal muscle function.

articulation disorder - inability to correctly produce speech sounds (phonemes) because of imprecise placement, timing, pressure, speed, or flow of movement of the lips, tongue, or throat.

assistive devices - technical tools and devices such as alphabet boards, text telephones, or text-to-speech conversion software used to assist people with physical or emotional disorders in performing certain actions, tasks, and activities.

audiologist - a healthcare professional trained to identify and measure hearing impairments and related disorders using a variety of tests and procedures.

auditory brainstem response (ABR) test - test used for hearing in infants and young children, or to test for brain functioning in unresponsive patients.

auditory nerve - eighth cranial nerve that connects the inner ear to the brainstem.

auditory perception- ability to identify, interpret, and attach meaning to sound.

auditory prosthesis - device that substitutes or enhances the ability to hear.

augmentative devices - tools that help individuals with limited or absent speech to communicate.

aural rehabilitation - techniques used with people who are hearing impaired to improve ability to speak and to communicate.

autoimmune deafness - hearing loss in an individual that may be associated with a tissue-causing disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.

autism - brain disorder that begins in early childhood and persists throughout adulthood; affects three crucial areas of development: communication, social interaction, and creative or imaginative play.

B [return to top]

balance - biological system that enables individuals to know where their bodies are in the environment and to maintain a desired position; normal balance depends on information from the labyrinth in the inner ear, and from other senses such as sight and touch, as well as from muscle movement.

balance disorder - disruption in the labyrinth, the inner ear organ that controls the balance system allowing individuals to know where their bodies are in the environment.